Papers and books

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This page gives a list of English-language linguistics research on the Tibetan languages. It focuses mainly on open-access works that give a thorough overview of a given topic. I have included only two works for each topic to make it feel more approachable.

To view the articles you will need to make an Academia.edu account, which is free. I mainly use Academia.edu because it tends to have more full papers than other sites like ResearchGate or CORE.

Sections:

  1. 1. Proto-Tibetan and Old Tibetan
    1. Overview
    2. Historical phonology
    3. Lexicography
    4. Verbal morphology
    5. Manuscripts and epigraphy
    6. Paleography
    7. Methodology
  2. 2. Middle Tibetan
    1. Case marking in Classical Tibetan
    2. Xylography and printing
    3. Studies on Tsangnyön Heruka’s Life of Milarepa
  3. 3. Modern Tibetan
    1. Language families and phylogeny
    2. The idea of “Standard Tibetan”
    3. Dialectology
    4. Minoritization of Tibetan languages
    5. Evidentiality
    6. Mirativity
    7. Ergativity
    8. Auxiliary verbs
  4. 4. Non-Tibetic languages
    1. Tibet’s minority languages
    2. Lhasa sign language

1. Proto-Tibetan and Old Tibetan

Overview

History of the Tibetan Language, by Tsuguhito Takeuchi (2021)

Formation and Transformation of Old Tibetan, by Tsuguhito Takeuchi (2013)

Historical phonology

An Inventory of Tibetan Sound Laws, by Nathan W. Hill (2011)

Reducing phonetical complexity and grammatical opaqueness: Old Tibetan as a lingua franca and the development of the modern Tibetan varieties, by Bettina Zeisler (2009)

Lexicography

Studies in the Lexis and Word-Formation of Old Tibetan, by Joanna Bialek (2015)

The lexicography of Tibetan, by Nathan Hill (2017)

Verbal morphology

Old Tibetan verb morphology and semantics: An attempt at a reconstruction, by Joanna Bialek (2020)

A functional reconstruction of the Proto-Tibetan verbal system, by Marius Zemp (2016)

Manuscripts and epigraphy

Fragments of the Testament of Ba from Dunhuang, by Sam van Schaik and Kazushi Iwao (2008)

Old Tibetan Inscriptions, edited by Kuzushi Iwao, Nathan W. Hill, and Tsuguhito Takeuchi (2009)

Paleography

Dating Early Tibetan Manuscripts: A Paleographical Method, by Sam van Schaik (2013)

Towards a Tibetan Palaeography: Developing a Typology of Writing Styles in Early Tibet, by Sam van Schaik (2014)

Methodology

Word families, allofams, and the comparative method, by Nathan W. Hill and Hannes A. Fellner (2019)

A brief response to Fellner and Hill’s “Word families, allofams, and the comparative method”, by Zev Handel (2019)

2. Middle Tibetan

Note: “Classical Tibetan” is the written form of Middle Tibetan.

Case marking in Classical Tibetan

The Classical Tibetan cases and their transcategoriality: From sacred grammar to modern linguistics, by Nicolas Tournadre (2010)

Tibetan -las, -nas and -bas, by Nathan W. Hill (2012)

Xylography and printing

Towards a History of Early Tibetan Printing: New Evidence and Uncharted Territories, by Marta Sernesi (2017)

Tibetan Printing: Comparison, Continuities, and Change, edited by Hildegard Diemberger, Karl Ehrhard, and Peter F. Kornicki (2016)

Studies on Tsangnyön Heruka’s Life of Milarepa

Evidentiality and Epistemic Modality in Middle Tibetan, by Guillaume Oisel (2014)

Clause-linkage and Clause Hierarchy in Middle Tibetan, by Guillaume Oisel (n.d.)

3. Modern Tibetan

Language families and phylogeny

The ancestry of Tibetan, by George van Driem (2013)

The Tibetic languages and their classification, by Nicolas Tournadre (2014)

The idea of “Standard Tibetan”

Language attitudes and identity in the Tibetan Dharamsala diaspora, by Jeff Robert Izzard (2015)

On the Yak Horns of a Dilemma: Diverging Standards in Diaspora Tibetan, by Dirk Schmidt (2022)

Dialectology

Tibetan dialects: a case study in areal phonology, by Dmitry Nikolaev (2015)

Review of ‘Bod kyi yul skad rnam bshad [General Introduction to the Tibetan Dialects]’ by Sum-bha Don-grub Tshe-ring [Sumbha Dondrub Tshering], by Nicolas Tournadre (2015)

Minoritization of Tibetan languages

Tibetan Language Rights and Civil Society in the People’s Republic of China: Challenges of and for Rights, by Gerald Roche (2020)

Minority, Language and Translation in Tibet, by Roberta Raine (2020)

Evidentiality

Evidentiality in Tibetic, by Scott DeLancey (2018)

Evidence for the development of ‘evidentiality’ as a grammatical category in Tibetan, by Bettina Zeisler (2014)

Mirativity

“Mirativity” does not exist: ḥdug in “Lhasa” Tibetan and other suspects, by Nathan W. Hill (2012)

Still mirative after all these years, by Scott DeLancey (2012)

Ergativity

Tibetan Grammatical Categories and the Notion of ‘Ergativity’, by Ralf Vollmann (2008)

Descriptions of Tibetan ergativity: a historiographical account, by Ralf Vollmann (2008)

Auxiliary verbs

The function of auxiliary verbs in Tibetan predicates and their historical development, by Tsuguhito Takeuchi (1990)

The origins of verb serialization in Modern Tibetan, by Scott Delancey (1991)

4. Non-Tibetic languages

Tibet’s minority languages

(i.e., non-Tibetic languages within Tibet)

The Vitality of Tibet’s Minority Languages in the 21st Century-Preliminary Remarks, by Gerald Roche (2014)

Tibet’s Minority Languages: Diversity and Endangerment, by Gerald Roche (2018)

Lhasa sign language

Is Lhasa Tibetan Sign Language emerging, endangered, or both?, by Theresia Hofer (2017)

“Goat-Sheep-Mixed-Sign” in Lhasa – Deaf Tibetans’ language ideologies and unimodal codeswitching in Tibetan and Chinese sign languages, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, by Theresia Hofer (2020)