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སླར་བསྡུ་ slar bsdu

Alternative names: རྫོགས་ཚིག་ rdzogs tshig, ཟླ་སྡུད་ zla sdud

English names: conclusive particle, terminative particle

Pronunciation

In Ütsang dialect:

སླར་བསྡུ་ slar bsdu: lardu

རྫོགས་ཚིག་ rdzogs tshig: dzoktsik

ཟླ་སྡུད་ zla sdud: dadü

The སླར་བསྡུ་ (Wylie: slar bsdu) is a dependent particle with 11 different forms:

  • གོ་ go
  • ངོ་ ngo
  • དོ་ do
  • ནོ་ no
  • བོ་ bo
  • མོ་ mo
  • འོ་ ‘o
  • རོ་ ro
  • ལོ་ lo
  • སོ་ so

These particles mark the end of a statement or topic. They are used most frequently in Old Tibetan, but they are widespread in Classical Tibetan as well.

Their usage is as follows:

After this letter:Use this particle:Examples and notes:
ག་ gགོ་ goབཞག་གོ་ bzhag go
ང་ ngངོ་ ngoགཏོང་ངོ་ gtong ngo
ད་ d (as a suffix letter)དོ་ doའཆད་དོ་ ‘chad do
ན་ nནོ་ noགསན་ནོ་ gsan no
བ་ bབོ་ boའབབ་བོ་ ‘bab bo
མ་ mམོ་ moཐིམ་མོ་ thim mo
འ་ ‘
or one of the five vowels
འོ་ ‘oAfter འ་ it replaces the འ་:
མཐའ་ mtha’ > མཐའོ་ mtha’o

After vowels it is usually added within the same syllable:
ལ་ la > ལའོ་ la’o
ར་ rརོ་ roདབོར་རོ་ dbor ro
ལ་ lལོ་ loའཚལ་ལོ་ ‘tshal lo
ས་ sསོ་ soབཞུགས་སོ་ bzhugs so
ད་ d (as a post-suffix letter)ཏོ་ toWith an explicit ད་དྲག་ da drag:
བསྟནད་ཏོ་ bstand to

With an implicit ད་དྲག་ da drag:
བསྟན་ཏོ་ bstan to
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